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2025 Indonesian student protests

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2025 Indonesian student protests
#DarkIndonesia demonstrations
Students from the Muhammadiyah University Union delivering their protest speech.
Date17 February 2025 (2025-02-17) – present
Location
Indonesia (cities of Padang, Pangkal Pinang, Bandar Lampung, Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Surakarta, Surabaya, Malang, Denpasar, Banjarmasin, Samarinda, Makassar, Manado)
Caused byControversial policies by Prabowo Subianto and Gibran Rakabuming Raka
GoalsSee #Demands
StatusOngoing
Parties

Protesters:
(no centralised authority)

Lead figures
Jakarta:
  • Herianto (BEM SI)[3]
  • Iqbal Cheisa (BEM UI)[4]
  • Defani Shafa Maharani Abrar (BEM UI)[5]
Casualties and losses
1 injured[6]
5 arrested[7]
class=notpageimage|
Map of Indonesia showing locations where major protests occurred

2025 Indonesian student protests, nicknamed the #DarkIndonesia demonstrations (Indonesian: demo #IndonesiaGelap), are a series of ongoing student-led demonstrations against government throughout several cities in Indonesia, launched on 17 February 2025 by the All-Indonesian Students' Union (BEM SI).[8]

According to central coordinator Herianto, BEM SI has called for protests all over the country on 17 and 18 February (cancelled at Jakarta), while they would hold the protest centrally at Jakarta on 19, 20,[8] and 21 February, with the latter also invited civilians to participate in the protests.[9] They projected that around 5,000 students would participate in the protests.[10]

Background

[edit]
Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 2025, released on 22 January 2025

The protests occurred as a response over controversial policies by Indonesian president Prabowo Subianto and his vice Gibran Rakabuming Raka, which include the free nutritious meal [id] (MBG) programme and the enactment of Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 2025, which led into massive budget cuts, supposedly to fund the free nutritious meal programme.[11] The nickname #IndonesiaGelap itself originates as a hashtag popular on Twitter (X). According to Beautynesia, the hashtag had been used by more than 760 thousand tweets,[12] but within 24 hours, this number has increased up to 14 million tweets.[13] While according to coordinator of BEM SI, Satria Naufal, it represents "the fears, worries, and well-being of the citizens".[14]

Meanwhile, during protests on 17 February, Prabowo attended a closed meeting together with his ministers of Red and White Cabinet at Istana Merdeka while discussing various strategic issues such as online gambling. They were also seen having lunch together.[15] At the same time, all 8 fractions of DPR agreed to officially ratify the proposed revision of Mineral and Coal Law in 13th plenary session on 18 February.[16][17]

Demands

[edit]
This image was previously popular during 2024 Indonesian local election law protests, but was changed from dark blue to black in light of the event.

A popular image in support of the student protests is based on the fictional Emergency Alert System (EAS) shown above, but with a black instead of a blue background. This has led into the P.E.N.T.O.L. 'meatball' movement, which is itself a backronym consisting of six political demands (although the following came on 4 February, predating the protests):[18]

  • Polisi diberesin ('The police must be resolved')
  • Energi buat rakyat ('Energy for the people')
  • Naikkan taraf hidup rakyat ('Increase the people's well-being')
  • Tunaikan tukin untuk guru, ASN dan dosen ('Pay allowances for teachers, state employees, and lecturers')
  • Output MBG diperbaiki ('Fix the output of free nutritious meal')
  • Lawan mafia tanah dan lengserkan pejabat tolol ('Fight land mafias and topple down stupid officials')

It was preceded by similarly anti-government Adili Jokowi ('bring Jokowi to justice') protests, which occurred at Surakarta on 14 February 2025, demanding for investigation of the cases he involved. However, 10 minutes later, the protesters dispersed after heavy rain.[19] Alongside this, there have been instances of graffiti bearing the inscription Adili Jokowi throughout parts of Java, such as Yogyakarta, Surabaya, and Malang, many of them were later removed by local authorities.[20] This slogan has later become one of 5 demands presented by BEM UI during the student protests.[21]

  1. Repeal the Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 2025, being perceived that it could harm the people.
  2. Calling for status transparency of development and performance of the free nutritional meal programme.
  3. Reject the attempts to revise Mineral and Coal Law and Dwifungsi Law.
  4. Arrest and bring former president Joko Widodo into justice.
  5. Ratify the Asset Seizure Law.

Musician Iwan Fals, nonetheless, has criticised this demand and questioned what are his faults in office.[22] Founder of KedaiKOPI, Hendri Satrio, has also doubted the success of this movement, stating that it would be difficult for the Prabowo's government to arrest and bring Jokowi into justice.[23]

On 17 February 2025, during the protests in Jakarta, coordinator Bagas Wisnu read out the following 13 demands to the government.[24][25]

  1. Free, scientific, and democratic education.
  2. Genuine agrarian reforms.
  3. Reject the revision attempts of Mineral and Coal Law.
  4. Remove dwifungsi of ABRI
  5. Enact the Traditional Society Bill.
  6. Repeal the Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 2025.
  7. Total evaluation of the free nutritious meal programme.
  8. Realise the budget for lecturers' allowances.
  9. Asset Seizure Government Regulation in Lieu of Law.
  10. Reject the revision attempts of TNI, Polri, and Judiciary Law.
  11. Streamline and reshuffle the cabinet.
  12. Reject the revision of DPR Code of Conduct.
  13. Reform of the police.

Protests

[edit]

Sumatra

[edit]

In Padang, students from Andalas University (UNAND) and Padang State Polytechnics (PNP) held protest front of the entrance gate into UNAND.[26] Later, hundreds of students under the All-West Sumatra Alliance of Students' Unions protested front of the building of West Sumatra Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) on 18 February 2025 at 3 p.m. (originally planned at 1:30 p.m.), and also held several banners.[27][28]

In Palembang, protests will be held at the five-way intersection of the building of South Sumatra DPRD on 20 February 2025, and will be attended by 1,000 people.[29]

In Pangkal Pinang, students from University of Bangka Belitung together with Bangka Belitung Students' Union Alliance, protested front of the building of Bangka Belitung DPRD. They arrived at 3:20 p.m.[30]

In Bandar Lampung, hundreds of students from various local universities protested in front of the Lampung provincial government complex. They carried an oratory car as well as several banners, one of them has the inscription PENDIDIKAN JADI TARUHAN, INDONESIA CEMAS, DARURAT PENDIDIKAN, ALERTA ALERTA! (Education is at stake, Indonesia is anxious, education emergency, alert alert!).[31]

Java

[edit]

Jakarta

[edit]
Students from the University of Indonesia participating in the protest.

In Jakarta, the protests started on 17 February at Arjuna Wiwaha Horse Statue, Central Jakarta, but then spread into South Medan Merdeka and West Medan Merdeka Roads, causing traffic jams at Bundaran HI. Thousands[32] of protesters shouted hidup mahasiswa ('long live students') and carried various banners and posters that represent their demands, such as #krisisiklimkrisisdemokrasi ('a climate crisis is a democratic crisis') and kenyang kagak, bego iya ('not yet full, stupid yes').[8]

Previously, BEM UI instructed its members to wear black clothing and yellow alma maters, characteristic of the university.[33] A total of 1,623 joint personnels were deployed for security,[34] and traffic at West Medan Merdeka Road towards Merdeka Palace was closed, except for the Transjakarta Bus.[35]

Protesters standing in front of the police blockade.

They later burned used tires and several posters, including a portrait of Teddy Indra Wijaya,[36] and several of them took down their almamaters under the instruction of an orator.[37] At 6 p.m., the police appealed to the protesters to disperse, but they remained and threw objects such as water bottles, rubbish, and wooden slats on policemen.[38][39] Public relations coordinator for National Developmental University "Veteran" of Jakarta [id], Bagas Wisnu, read out 13 demands to the government, ranging from educational to political issues (see above).[25] They finally dispersed on 8 p.m. and janitors began to clean rubbish at the site.[40] Disabled influencer Badru also attended the protests and prayed for the protesters.[41]

The plans for a demonstration next day were cancelled by BEM SI, in preparation for peak demonstrations on 20 February at Istana Negara, will be hold simultaneously with the inauguration of regional heads.[42][43] A day later, BEM SI organised again a protest at Arjuna Wiwaha Horse Statue, and guarded by 775 joint personnels,[44] although its coordinator Herianto said that they would organise a field technical this date in order to discuss its preparation.[45]

Outside Jakarta

[edit]

In Bandung, the students protested front of the building of West Java Regional House of Representatives.[46] One participant, Ainul Mardhyah, from National Students' Front, expressed that her affirmation scholarship was being cut 10%. A daughter of migrant workers in Malaysia, she also concerned about the protection of Indonesian migrant workers.[47]

In Purwokerto, students under Community Union in Motion (Semarak) organised a long march from Prof. KH. Saifuddin Zuhri State Islamic University towards the Banyumas Regent Office, and carried several banners, among them have inscriptions such as Sebuah Kekecewaan Republik Indonesia 1 Presiden Berbagai Insiden ('A Disappointment of the Republic of Indonesia, One President Full of Incidents') and Bikin Kebijakan Buat Oligarki Terus Ndasmu ('Continue to Create Policies for the Oligarchy, Your Head!'). They also repeatedly chanted Ganyang Fufufafa ('Crush Fufufafa').[48]

In Semarang, students under the Alliance of Students' Unions of Greater Semarang organised a protest front of the Semarang City Hall on 18 February. Thousands of students arrived at 2:30 p.m.,[49] and organised a long march from Pemuda Road into front of the building of Central Java DPRD. They also carried banners critical of the government,[50] and chanted Ganyang Fufufafa.[51] After attempts to meet the DPRD members failed, and a representative came instead, the protesters mocked to enter again into the building, and threw away cow dung on the gate as a sense of their annoyance.[52] Field coordinator, Evan Surya from Diponegoro University, rated the initial performance of Prabowo's government -100 from 100.[53] Previously, it was planned at 9:00 a.m. and projected to be attended by 1,600 people.[54][27]

In Surakarta, students started walking from Makutho Monument at 2:00 p.m., and arrived front of the Surakarta DPRD building at Adi Sucipto Road at 3:40 p.m.. The protesters also carried various anti-government banners and burned used tires. Their action was guarded by hundreds of joint personnels from military, police, and the department of transportation.[55]

In Surabaya, the protests occurred in front of the building of East Java Regional House of Representatives. The student protesters came from various local universities and numbered up to thousands.[56] They burned a bier with inscription Indonesia Gelap after their attempts to meet the speaker of DPRD failed. Then, they attempted to cross the wire fence, and the police fired a water cannon at them. The protesters escaped, and several threw objects, such as water bottles, at policemen.[57][58] Around 620 personnels were deployed for security during the protests. Head of the Students' Union of the University of Airlangga, Aulia Thoriq Akbar, stated that five students have been reportedly arrested by the police.[7] Two of them, each came from UNESA and UINSA (Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya), while head of operations Wibowo denied it.[59] Novan Ziyan Ramadhan from the State University of Surabaya (UNESA) was injured after being stepped on and beaten up by policemen.[6]

In Malang, protests were held on 18 February at the Monument Roundabout, exactly in front of the building of Malang DPRD. Thousands of people came at 12 p.m. and carried various banners and posters featuring demands, with inscriptions such as Efisiensi untuk Oligarki X, Efisiensi untuk Rakyat ✓ 'No to Efficiency for the Oligarchy, Yes to Efficiency for the People', and 100 Hari Keadilan Dibunuh 'Justice Is Killed in 100 Days'. Presidential portraits of Prabowo and Gibran were defaced with the text efisienshit on their eyes and a cross on their mouths. An hour later, the portraits, alongside used tires, were burned in front of the entrance gate towards DPRD.[60] After successfully meeting the speaker of DPRD, Amithya Ratnanggani Siraduhita, as well as several fraction leaders, the protesters finally dispersed at 4 p.m. during heavy rains.[61]

Nusa Tenggara Islands

[edit]

In Denpasar, students under Bali Is Not Silent Alliance arrived at the building of Bali Regional House of Representatives on 11:30 a.m., and carried a banner with inscription Tut Wuri Efisiensi. Ten minutes later, they were invited into the building's wantilan (pavilion) by acting secretary I Gusti Ngurah Wiryanata to voice their demands.[62]

Kalimantan

[edit]

In Banjarmasin, hundreds of students, as well as the civil society, protested in front of the building of the South Kalimantan Regional House of Representatives. They criticised high public approval rates of the government by various survey results, and called them not in accordance with the realities.[63]

Rocky Gerung

In Samarinda, thousands of students protested in front of the East Kalimantan Regional House of Representatives building. Political commentator Rocky Gerung gave a speech to motivate the protesters.[64] The protesters clashed with the local police after attempting to enter the building, and they fired a water cannon on the protesters. As a result, the protesters were treated back to Samarinda Islamic Center Mosque.[65][66]

Sulawesi

[edit]

In Makassar, students protested at Perintis Kemerdekaan Road, effectively blocking the Trans-Sulawesi Roads and caused long traffic jams into Maros. They also burned used tires and held back a truck as a stage for protesters.[67] A day later, students under AMPERA conducted protests at AP Pettarani Road, Rappocini. They also burned used tires and blocked the road with a container truck, effectively causing severe traffic jams.[68]

In Manado, the student protesters under North Sulawesi Movement Alliance organised a sit-in. They blocked the 17 Agustus Road, precisely front of Samsat Office, effectively causing traffic jams. Hundreds of personnels were deployed by local police at the North Sulawesi Governor's Office, then the protesters attempted to break the entrance gate, tearing apart several pieces of iron. They also burned a bier and used tires.[69]

Reactions

[edit]

Protesters and its support

[edit]

Central coordinator of BEM SI, Herianto, claimed that Indonesia "is being led by twin suns", and gave an example that the sale of 3-kilogram LPG cooking fuel is under ban, while the policy is being enforced without coordination with Prabowo. He also claimed that students were disappointed after Prabowo shouted hidup Jokowi 'long live Jokowi' during the 17th anniversary of Gerindra Party at Sentul International Convention Center. According to him, students are supporting the number of ministries under Prabowo's cabinet to be trimmed.[70] A lecturer of the Faculty of Economy and Business at the University of Indonesia (UI), Rizki Nauli Siregar posted the image above but with black background, while also supporting students in her class to participate in the protests.[71] A lecturer of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences at Gadjah Mada University, Subarsono, stated that a political demonstration is a sign of living democracy.[72]

Fan club of South Korean boy group NCT, NCTzen, supported the protesters and announced that they would provide medical needs for them.[73] Actor and singer Angga Yunanda posted a tweet in support of the protests.[74] Through hashtag #ArtistBersuara ('Voice of the Artists'), digital artists on Twitter (X) also gave support for the protesters.[75]

Government and its support

[edit]

Head of the Presidential Communication Office, Hasan Nasbi [id], confirmed amidst the protests that funds allocated to the colleges, Kartu Indonesia Pintar [id] for college, and scholarships will not be cut.[76] Minister of the State Secretariat, Prasetyo Hadi, responded that Indonesia "is not really dark" as the slogan suggests, and called the students to be optimistic.[77] Vice Minister of Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Fauzan called the student protesters to increase their intellectual abilities.[78] The spokesman for the Presidential Communication Office, Adita Erawati, confirmed that a few demands presented by the protesters have been answered by the government, such as tuition fees not being increased nor scholarships being discontinued. She also allowed people to organise protests with orderly.[79]

The speaker of People's Consultative Assembly, Ahmad Muzani, judged the public reaction during the protests as excessive and contraproductive.[80] The deputy speaker of House of Representatives (DPR), Adies Kadir, regarded the demonstrations as a form of creativity by the students to voice their aspiration.[81] The head of Love Prabowo Movement, Kurniawan stated that the student protests are a form of their aspiration, while also warning them not to be infiltrated by certain groups.[82] Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan stated that the government continues to recover its economy, while attacking the protesters as 'dark'.[83]

Chairman of the Executive Council of Nahdlatul Ulama, Yahya Cholil Staquf, questioned what are the grounds to organise the protests.[84] Vice secretary-general of Golkar Party, Sosialisman Hidayat Hasibuan, alleged that the protests are a form of political pressure on efforts by the government to arrest Hasto Kristiyanto [id], secretary-general of PDI-P.[85]

Others

[edit]

Chairman of Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Anindya Bakrie viewed the protests as normal in a democratic country.[86] The student protests were immortalised as a front cover for the 18 February 2025 online edition of Lentera newspaper.[87] As of 18 February, the rupiah began to weaken by 0.38% amidst the protests.[88]

See also

[edit]

Student protests in Indonesia

Other similar protests

References

[edit]
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